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APRIL 1, 1990 CC-COGO Version 1.0 Copyright 1990 by Richard Wadsworth, CIVILcomp 320 Eureka Canyon Road Watsonville, CA 95076 No part of this software or manual may be copied without permission, except for installation of the software on the registered user's hard disk, copies made for backup purposes, or copies made for distribution with the shareware version. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I. INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION . . . . . . . . . 4 II. CC-COGO MENUS AND DIALOG BOXES . . . . . . . . . 5 III. SCREEN PLOTTING, LAYERS, AND ALMOST "WYSIWYG". . 6 IV. USING CC-COGO A. Quick setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 B. Your First Traverse . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 C. Your First Radial Topo . . . . . . . . . . 11 V. DATA ENTRY A. Error Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 B. Default Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 C. The Mini Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 D. Horizontal Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 E. Zenith Angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 F. Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 G. Point Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 H. Coordinates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 I. Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 VI. FILES A. File Types, Filenames, Storage Location . . 17 B. CIVILcomp COGO (.CCC) File . . . . . . . . 18 C. Layer Assignment (.LAY) File . . . . . . . 19 D. Import/Export (.CCX) File . . . . . . . . . 20 VII. COMMAND REFERENCE A. FILE Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 B. EDIT Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 C. COGO Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 D. ROAD/LOT Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 E. TOPO Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 F. UTILITY Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 G. MODULES Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 H. SETTINGS Submenu . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 VIII.ERROR MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 IX. UPGRADE HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 X. REGISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 DISCLAIMER, CREDITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 INDEX CC-COGO Page 2 INTRODUCTION When the CC-SURVeyor project was started in 1987, the initial goal was to provide a fair amount of power within a user- friendly environment, for those just converting to COGO on the PC compatible computer. The environment included a screen layout that would show menu choices and command prompts while allowing as many of your previous calcs to remain readable as possible. A quick screen plot of points and lines was provided to help catch mistakes and provide visual orientation to the project. It was not anticipated that users would be abandoning much more powerful software like PxxxSOFT, WxxxSOFT, and CxxxxSOFT. The size of projects that CC-SURVeyor is being used for has grown to the point that CC-SURVeyor had to grow. For example, screen plotting gets to be very slow and cumbersome when 2000 points are in the file. And reading point numbers gets difficult when topo data, found corners, and final computed boundary points lie very close to each other. A layer management system had to be developed to cope with this. Also, the (expensive)SOFT users, while preferring the interface of CC-SURVeyor, missed the advanced features like user-defined output precision and azimuth output. At the same time, another type of user interface was becoming standardized for the PC, using the mouse, pull-down menus, and dialog boxes. This interface is almost necessary for convenient use of the layering system and configuration options. So, in March of 1989 we began developing a new interface that would allow CC-SURVeyor to take full advantage of DOS memory, the mouse, and the enhanced keyboard, and allow future growth and enhancements. The first product to use this interface was CC-PLOT. Thus was born the "modular" concept of CC-SURVeyor 4. Three major parts of CC-SURVeyor 3.x were moved out into separate modules: printer plotting (with pen plotting added) to the CC-PLOT module, traverse balancing (with batch mode map check added) to the CC-BALance module, and contour interpolation (with contour lines added) to the CC-CONTour module. These three functions were separated for several reasons: more memory was needed in each module, those functions are logically used as stand-alone programs in many cases, and many users may not want or need every module. I sincerely hope you find this system to be everything I hoped it would be during its development, and will appreciate any comments or suggestions that you have for its improvement. Rich Wadsworth, CIVILcomp CC-COGO Page 3 I. INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION CC-COGO requires a hard disk, 640K RAM, DOS 2.11 or later, and EGA or VGA graphics. CC-COGO will sense the graphics card, and will use the highest graphics resolution possible, which is 640x350 for EGA and 640x480 for VGA. Screen plotting is faster with a math coprocessor, which CC-COGO will automatically use if present. A math coprocessor is NOT required, however. The mouse is supported for manipulation of the menu and dialog box system, but is not required. The following files are furnished on the CC-COGO diskette: README.CGO Information that may not be included in the printed manual. To read it, use the DOS "type" command, or print it by typing "copy a:readme.cgo prn" <Enter> with the diskette in the A drive. COGO.EXE The CC-COGO program file. To install CC-COGO, simply copy COGO.EXE from the diskette to the hard disk subdirectory of your choice, make that subdirectory current, and type COGO <Enter> to start it. There are two configuration files used by CC-COGO: PLOT.INI created by CC-PLOT, and COGO.INI created by CC-COGO. The first stores the default layer names and linetypes and the second stores the default file paths, output precision and toggles settings. The settings available are described in more detail in the SETTINGS submenu section of this manual. NOTE: Neither .INI file is suplied on the diskette. COGO.INI will be created the first time CC-COGO is run. PLOT.INI will only be used if it is present, to use layer names and linetypes that have been changed in CC-PLOT, and therefore will only be present if you have CC-PLOT. CC-COGO Page 4 II. CC-COGO MENUS AND DIALOG BOXES CC-COGO uses the type of pull-down menus that are becoming the industry standard, and are similar to "Windows" applications and the new OS/2 PM interface. To remove all pull-down menus from the screen, press <Esc> until the menu bar is all that remains of it. Then, you will see right below it a 17 line calculation window with a space for the current open file name at the top center. Below the window is the prompt area, where command prompts will appear. It should say "Select Function" at this time. At the very bottom of the screen is a message bar that occasionally has messages at the left end. These messages may be an error message (red with a beep), or may be a message telling what a particular function key will do at the time. At the right end of the message bar is the status of the "toggles" (displayed is the first letter of each toggle that is "on"), the current command or function being executed ("mode"), the current occupied point (in the color of the layer it is assigned to) and the name of the current layer. The arrow keys may be used to move from one submenu to another. If no submenu is pulled down, the first letter of the submenu will pull it down. Once a submenu is pulled down, the letter keys move the bar to the command within that submenu that has an uppercase letter matching the key entered. <Enter> will execute whatever command is highlighted by the moving bar. <Esc> will remove the current submenu and activate the menu bar so another submenu may be picked; for example, <Esc><F> will back up and pull down the FILE submenu, then <Esc><E> will back up and pull down the EDIT submenu, and so forth. A mouse will also work with the menu system. Only one button (the left one on the LogiTech mouse) is used. One click on a command will start the routine. A button may be pressed down and held down while the menu is swept through, and when it is released, the last command highlighted is executed. Many of the commands cannot be used until a .CCC file has been opened. These commands will not be accessible with the arrow keys or the mouse. Their names are shown in a lighter color on the pull-down menus until they are accessible. Dialog boxes are menus that allow several items to be toggled on/off, edited, or otherwise picked, while the box stays on the screen. Examples are the "Layer display" box and the "reName layers" box. To "pick" an item in a dialog box, you must click on it with the mouse, or put the bar on it with the arrow keys and press <Enter>. In some cases you must <Esc> when you are done (a prompt will tell you), and in other cases one of the selections is <OK>, which you may select with the mouse or arrow keys. CC-COGO Page 5 III. SCREEN PLOTTING, LAYERS, AND ALMOST "WYSIWYG" Screen plotting is used to graphically review the data. "View plot" in the EDIT submenu can be used to screen plot. To screen plot during data entry, or while choosing items from a dialog box, use <F10>. There are two types of layers in CC-COGO. The first is called "point attribute", the second is "user-named" layers. The "point attribute" layers refer to "attributes" associated with points, such as cross, point number, elevation, description, or line/curve. Some of these "attribute" layers may be on or off, which controls what attributes will plot. Note that elevations and descriptions do not screen plot at this time . The "attribute" layers screen plot in the color of the "user-named" layer they are assigned to. The "user-named" layers allow you to separate your points into logical groups, for better management of data. The default layer names are CONTROL, TOPO, BOUNDARY, BUILDING, STREET, EASEMENT, and UTILITY. You may define different layer names for each file if you wish, using the "reName layers" routine in the SETTINGS submenu. Use the "Change layer" routine in the SETTINGS submenu to assign groups of points to different layers. For example, use point numbers 100-199 for the boundary data, 200-299 for topo data, etc., then assign 100-199 to the first layer, 200-299 to the second layer, etc. To turn layers on/off, use "Layer display" in the SETTINGS submenu. Each "user-named" layer screen plots in a different color. The "current" layer controls what layer new points are placed on. For example, if the second user-named layer is current when you run "Traverse", the points will be placed on that layer. Lines and curves are automatically placed on the layers that the points were assigned to. If the layer assignments of points are later changed, the lines also change to the new layer. The line or curve will always be on the same layer as the beginning point of the line or the BC of the curve. Linetypes may be changed for each of the user-named layers. The "linetYpe" routine in the SETTINGS submenu accomplishes that. The default linetype is "continuous". The available linetypes are further explained elsewhere in this manual. If you wish to change the default layer names and linetypes for all future files, you must use CC-PLOT to save a new PLOT.INI file after using the routines in CC-PLOT's SETTINGS submenu to create the configuration you want. Note that there are 7 user-named layers. There are 16 colors available to the EGA: black, seven low intensity, seven high intensity, and grey. CC-COGO uses the seven low intensity colors for the lines/curves on the seven user-named layers. The seven corresponding high-intensity colors are used for the point crosses and point numbers. For example, the first layer (default name: CONTROL) is color 1, which is blue. Points and point crosses on this layer will screen plot in high intensity blue, and lines/curves will screen plot in low intensity blue. Layer 2 data (default name: TOPO) will plot in high intensity CC-COGO Page 6 and low intensity green, and so forth. The default layer colors are shown in the "Layer display" dialog box. The sequence of colors cannot be changed, although the order of the layer names can be. WYSIWYG means "What You See Is What You Get", and is commonly used in describing word processors and desktop publishing programs that show graphics previews of what printed output will look like. Of course, CAD is by definition WYSIWYG. CC-COGO is not, however, a CAD program, but does attempt to use WYSIWYG principles. Keep in mind the following exceptions to the WYSIWYG rule: Screen plotting is intended to be fairly fast, and displays point numbers and crosses to help you identify the points you display. Elevations and descriptions do not screen plot at this time. Linetypes are "schematic" and may not be proportioned the same on different plotters, or when comparing the screen plot with plotter output. The pattern is what is important, to help distinguish between different lines on hard copy plots. Also, curves do not screen plot with other than a continuous linetype at this time. CC-COGO Page 7 IV. USING CC-COGO A. Quick Setup Enter "COGO" to start the program. CC-COGO can be configured while it is running, which allows changing the configuration without having to quit and start over. Use the arrow keys to get to the SETTINGS submenu, or type <Esc><S>, or pick SETTINGS with your mouse. If your CC-SURVeyor files are not in the current directory, but are in \CC-SURV\FILES, pick "set file Path" and enter "\CC-SURV\FILES". You could also enter "a:" or any drive or pathname. You could load a file from \CC-SURV\FILES, then change the path to A: and save the file to the A drive. If you use CC-CAD and want your .CCX files to be stored in the \ACAD subdirectory, you may wish to set your "import/export path" to "\ACAD". Or, if you upload/ download data collector files to your \COOP41 subdirectory (for example), you might rather set your "import/export path" to "\COOP41". The output precision may be changed if you wish. The default precision for angles in the printed output is to the nearest second. The precision for distances is to the nearest thousandths (3 decimals). If you wish to change them, you may now do so. Use the "Angle prec" and/or "Distance prec" routines in the SETTINGS submenu. There are several settings that are referred to as "toggles": "Azimuth" (printed output displays angles in north azimuth rather than quadrant and bearing), "Description" (causes prompt for a point description whenever a new point is created), "Lines" (draws a line from point to point as they are created), "Printer" (echos screen output to your printer), and "Zenith" (causes prompt for zenith angle and slope distance during course input). These toggles are further explained under the "SETTINGS Submenu" section. A check mark next to one indicates it is "on", otherwise it is off. You may set any of them now if you wish. The rest of the tutorials assume that you will set the Description toggle on. Now view your configuration using the "View/save settings" routine, and if it looks right, press "y" or <Enter> to save it. You won't have to do this again, even in future sessions, unless you change something. Now decide if you want to add something to an existing .CCC file, or start a new job. If you want to add to an existing file, go to the FILE submenu and open the desired .CCC file ("open" means "load"). To try a quick tutorial of the "Traverse" and "Inverse" routines, continue to the next section. CC-COGO Page 8 B. Short-Cut to your first Traverse Since this is your first traverse, you don't have a .CCC file to load, so go directly to the COGO submenu and select "Traverse". You will always be prompted for a starting point number. The current occupied point will appear in the prompt as a default, once you have created any points in a CC-COGO session. Note that if no points have been created or occupied, the occupied point in the message bar is "0". Since there is no default point number in the prompt, enter 1. CC-SURVeyor knows that point 1 doesn't yet exist, so will next ask for a northing and an easting coordinate. Enter 1000 and 1000. Had you picked a point number that already existed in memory, CC-COGO would have skipped those prompts. If the Description Toggle is on, you will also be prompted for a description for the point. Enter one if that is the case. The starting point is created and printed in the calc window. If the Printer Toggle is on, it will also be printed on your printer. Now you will be prompted for an angle code. Press <F1> to see the allowable angle codes. Different routines allow different angle codes, and pressing <F1> (see the message bar) at the angle code prompt will show which are available. Press any key to remove the Help screen and enter 1 for northeast. Then enter 45.3015 at the angle prompt. This means 45 degrees, 30 minutes, 15 seconds. Enter a distance of 100.50, then a description if prompted for one. Note that the last description entered appears as a default for the new point. Finally, you will be prompted for the point number for the new point. Note that the default is the next consecutive blank point, in this case "2". Press <Enter> to accept it, or enter another number if you wish. Try entering 1, and you will get an overwrite error message, which will allow you to overwrite the previous point 1 with the new one if you wish, or will take you back to the new point number prompt. After entering the new point number, the course and new point data will print in the calc window, and printer if toggled on. The occupied point in the message bar will be updated to the new point, and CC-COGO will return to the angle code prompt for the next course. Let's try a curve next. Enter a "-" angle code. Note that the prompt is now for the delta. Enter 32.30, which is a curve to the right. A negative delta would be a curve to the left. Next enter a radius of 200. Pick the default numbers for the radius point and enter the description of the EC. Choose the default for the EC point number. The curve data and new points will be printed in the calc window, and you will return to the angle code prompt, with the last angle code entered as a default. This time, let's continue on the current bearing, whatever it is, by entering an angle code of 0. CC-COGO keeps track of the current bearing, even through curves, so you can enter compound or reverse curves without having to constantly enter the tangent bearing. (Of course, to traverse a non-tangent curve you must first traverse the tangent bearing with a zero distance.) Note that CC-COGO CC-COGO Page 9 automatically entered the angle code and bearing of the tangent out of the curve ("1" and "78.0015"), in the prompt area, and now prompts for a distance. Enter 150, a description if prompted for, and a new point number. You could continue traversing until you used up all of CC-COGO's point storage capacity, but let's quit this routine by pressing <Esc>. Start the "Inverse" routine from the COGO submenu. Note that the starting point number for this routine is now the same as the last point created, which is also the current occupied point. Press <Enter> to accept, then enter 4 (or whatever you assigned to the EC). The course is calculated and printed in the calc window, and should be exactly backwards from the course originally traversed. Now let's inverse the curve. Enter a negative radius point number, which would be -3 if you followed the above directions. The prompt now is for the EC point number (since you are going through the curve backwards, the BC you created is the EC to this routine), which is 2, so enter it. Note that the curve data is again printed, and also the radial bearing of the BC. Finally, enter 1 as the last point to inverse, and you will be back where you started. Just for fun, enter 999 as another point to inverse to, and note the beep and error message in the message bar. This is the typical way that CC-COGO reminds you of input errors. Now press <F10> to see a screen plot of your traverse. If the Lines toggle was on, the points will be connected with lines/curves. Press <Esc> to leave the screen plot and <Esc> to return to SELECT mode. Go to the FILE submenu and press S to save a file containing the five points you just created, naming it "TEST". You will be able to quit CC-COGO completely and later start it up, open the "TEST" file, and continue where you left off. CC-COGO Page 10 C. Short-Cut to your first Radial Topo The "Radial Topo" routine may be used to reduce notes from total station output or EDM output, which provides zenith angle and slope distance. The "Zenith" toggle is another toggle, like the Description toggle, that affects various routines in CC-COGO. Its purpose in "Radial Topo" is to distinguish between EDM or total station output. If the Zenith Toggle is on, you will be prompted for zenith angle and slope distance; if off, you will be prompted for delta elevation and horizontal distance. If on, a "Z" is shown in the "Toggles:" area of the message bar at the bottom of the screen. Be sure it is off now, using the "Toggles" choice in the SETTINGS submenu if necessary. A common way of collecting radial topo data is to set the prism height at the same value as the height of instrument above the setup point. That way, the delta elevation value needs only to be added or subtracted from the setup point elevation to obtain the elevation of the point being shot. Occasionally, however, the prism height (also called rod reading in the CC-COGO manual and prompts) must be changed from one shot to the next because of obstacles in the line of sight. This problem will show how that is handled. The Field Notes Instrument at 10, BS 11 HI = 5.20 Elev unknown Compass bearing = N 30o 15'E Pt Angle Rt Delta El Delta Hor Rod Desc ---- -------- -------- --------- ---- ------------- 71 191o 10' +0.52 121.54 5.20 TB 72 219o 35' -1.68 127.65 5.20 EP etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 97o 32' +4.19 416.01 12.50 GR 96 83o 50' +3.53 417.52 12.50 GR 97 70o 32' +2.55 448.13 12.50 GR Go to the TOPO Submenu and start "Radial Topo". The instrument was set up on point 10, so enter 10 for the setup point. If you were using an existing file with points 10 and 11 in it, you would not have to enter the coordinates, but you are starting fresh, so enter the northing and easting coordinates of 1000, 1000 and a description of SETUP. Notice that your survey crew didn't know the elevation of the setup point, so you will have to assume an elevation at this time to reduce the notes. Enter an elevation of 100.00. The instrument height is 5.20 feet, so enter 5.20 at the prompt. Enter a backsight angle code of 1 (northeast) and angle of 30.15. The setup data is printed, and you are ready to enter the point data. Start with the data for point 71. Notice that the angle code prompt has a default value of the last angle code used. Your crew used angles right, so enter 7. Enter 191.10 at the angle prompt, .52 at the delta elevation prompt, and 121.54 at the horizontal distance prompt. Press <Enter> at the rod prompt to accept the default instrument height, which your crew used for prism height CC-COGO Page 11 where possible. Enter TB for the description, noting that you must delete the extra characters left from the last description. Enter 71 for the new point number. The new point data is printed. The routine starts again, asking for data for the next point. You may continue to enter data from the field notes, but keep a few things in mind: 1. You may start pressing <Enter> when prompted for the next point number, when they are sequential. 2. The last three points (95 and after) were on the other side of a 10 foot hedge so your crew raised the prism. At point 95, the height of prism (or rod) changed to "12.50", so be sure to enter that instead of pressing <Enter>. For following points, the default will then be 12.50, and you can again press <Enter> to accept that for the last three points. 3. After point 95, all the point descriptions are "GR", so you may press <Enter> to accept the default instead of continuing to type in "GR". 4. If you make a mistake entering data for a point, and create the new point before noticing, just re-enter the data for the point, AND ENTER THE CORRECT POINT NUMBER RATHER THAT ACCEPTING THE DEFAULT. When you enter the point number, you will get a message that says "OVERWRITE EXISTING POINT?". Press <Enter> to continue. 5. Press <Esc> when done to return to SELECT mode. While you have been reducing the field notes, your crew ran a level loop from a bench mark through point 10, your setup point, and has just come in and told you that point 10 has an elevation 102.80. Don't worry, you will next use a routine to correct the elevations. Elevation Boot Start the "Elev Boot" routine. You do not have to boot the elevations of the whole file, because then other point with zero elevation would have bogus elevations. You want to boot point 10, and points 71 through 97. Enter 10 for the first point in the range and press <Enter> to accept (10) for the last point. You assumed elevation 100.00 for point 10 and want it to be 102.80, so you want to boot the elevation 2.80 feet. Enter 2.80 for the boot. The point prints out with the new elevation value. Repeat the process, entering 71 for the first point and 97 for the last point, and 2.80 for the boot. Points 71 through 97 print out with new elevation values. Note that our example did not enter the field notes for points 73 through 94, so they did not print. You may save this file if you wish, naming it "TEST2", so you can come back to it and experiment later. CC-COGO Page 12 V. DATA ENTRY A. Error Checking Depending on the data being entered, some keyboard characters will not be accepted for data. For example, when entering a filename, characters that are not acceptable to DOS cannot be entered. Or, when numeric data is expected, alpha characters will not be accepted. In some cases, data must be entered, a blank field is not acceptable. If you cannot enter valid data, you must <Esc> out of the routine. B. Default Values When there is a logical default value for data, it will already be placed in the highlighted field. To choose it, press <Enter>. To clear it and replace it with a new value, enter the new value. To start "edit mode", press an arrow key or <Home> or <End>, and read about the mini editor below. C. The Mini Editor The highlighted data entry field is a mini editor. <Alt-C> will clear the value out of the field. <Alt-R> will restore the original value in the field, if you have erased it or edited it beyond repair. The left and right arrow keys will move the cursor back and forth within the field. <Home> and <End> will move to the first and last position. The <Insert> key will toggle back and forth between overtype mode (the default) and insert mode. <BackSpace> will erase to the left. <Delete> will erase the current position. D. Horizontal Angles Angle codes may be shown while an angle code prompt is on the screen by pressing <F1>, and are: (-) = next angle will be curve data (1) = quadrant North East, or North Azimuth (2) = quadrant South East (3) = quadrant South West (4) = quadrant North West (5) = recall a bearing from two points (6) = angle left (7) = angle right (8) = deflection left (9) = deflection right (0) = current bearing Not all angle codes are available for every routine; use <F1> to see which are, at any angle code prompt. CC-COGO Page 13 When entering curve data, entering a (-) angle code results in a prompt for the delta. A positive angle is a curve to the right, while a negative angle is a curve to the left. The curve will be tangent to the last course traversed to get to the current occupied point. (FOR NON-TANGENT CURVES YOU MUST FIRST TRAVERSE ON THE TANGENT BEARING WITH A ZERO DISTANCE.) You will be prompted for point #'s for the radius point and EC. After traversing the curve, the "current" bearing will be tangent from the EC, if you wish to traverse another curve in a series of compound or reverse curves. An angle code of (5), recall bearing, will result in a prompt for two point numbers, which when entered will result in a calculated quadrant and bearing being used. Angle codes of (6) through (9) are self-explanatory, with the backsight bearing being the opposite of the "current bearing". For example, if you have just traversed N 45o 00' E, the backsight bearing is S 45o 00' W, and an angle right of 20o will traverse S 65o 00' W. The angle code (0) will use the "current" bearing, which is the bearing that was last traversed or inversed to get to the current occupied point. The status of the current bearing varies after other COGO routines, and is explained with the instructions for the various routines, in the "COMMAND REFERENCE" part of this manual. Angles are entered/displayed with a decimal point separating the degrees and minutes. For example, 25o 30' 15.5" is entered as "25.30155" or displayed as "25.3016" or "25.30155" depending on the "Angle prec" setting in the SETTINGS submenu. Angles are calculated to .01 second precision. E. Zenith Angles The zenith angle prompt is available (optionally) within the Traverse, Sideshot, and Radial Topo routines. Use the "Toggles" "Zenith" setting in the SETTINGS submenu to turn the option on or off. If it is on, the user will be prompted for the zenith angle before the distance prompt, which will then be for slope distance rather than horizontal distance. The horizontal distance will be calculated and printed with the other course information. Zenith angle is measured from vertical, and may be from 0 to 360 degrees. If the user's instrument is a transit that measures angle from horizontal, it must be converted to zenith angle before entry. The Zenith toggle is used within the Stadia routine to distinguish between zenith angle prompt and vertical angle prompt, depending on whether a theodolite or transit was used. CC-COGO Page 14 The Zenith toggle is used within the Radial Topo routine to distinguish between EDM topo (which uses zenith angle and slope distance) and total station topo (which uses delta elevation and horizontal distance). The proper prompts are given to the user depending on the Zenith toggle. To simplify using the routines when the Zenith Toggle is on and several horizontal distances are to be entered, the default zenith angle is 90o (horizontal), which allows the user to simply press <Enter> before entering the distance. F. Distances Distances are saved in memory in full 15 place floating point precision. They may be entered as large as 99,999.9999 feet. If a larger number is entered, strange displays and printouts will result, with the "%" character included. The printed output may have a user-selected precision, as determined by the "Distance prec" routine in the SETTINGS submenu. G. Point Numbers CC-COGO can store up to 4000 points, depending on your computer's use of memory, with point numbers ranging from 1 to 4000. See the "Capacity" routine in the FILE submenu to determine the point capacity of your machine, which depends on the amount of available memory. In many routines, the next available point number is presented as a default, so it may be chosen by pressing <Enter>. To quickly clear a default point number so another may be entered, just begin entering another number. Consecutive point numbering is sometimes available at a "Point #" prompt by pressing "+". The next point number is chosen, unless it is over 4000, in which case an error message is shown. Unless there would be an overwrite problem, the next consecutive point number is also presented in the prompt as a default. Overwrite protection is always on. Whenever an existing point number is chosen for a new point, the user is given the chance to overwrite the old coordinate pair or choose another point number. Overwriting an existing point does NOT change the elevation or description of that point unless they too are revised or edited. CC-COGO Page 15 H. Coordinates Any points saved with North and East coordinates of "0" are lost. If you insist on assigning a point number with the coordinates of "0,0" I suggest you use "0.001, 0.001" or some similar trick. CC-COGO's overwrite protection method assumes that points with coordinates of "0,0" are unassigned. Coordinate pairs are saved in memory in full 15 place floating point precision. They are saved to disk with 8 decimal places. Coordinates may have values as large as 9,999,999.9999. I. Descriptions If you wish to have a prompt for descriptions of new points within many routines, set the Description toggle on by using the "Toggles" routine in the SETTINGS submenu. Some routines that create curves will automatically assign descriptions of "BC, "RP", etc. if this toggle is on. Descriptions may be up to 12 characters. Neither spaces nor commas are allowed. Try using a combination of upper case and lower case letters to separate words, like "LotCor" or "FLCreek". The descriptions are saved with the coordinates in the .CCC file, and are printed out by any routine that prints points. They are also output into an Export file. CC-COGO Page 16 VI. FILES A. File Types, Filenames, and Storage Location There are several types of files that users of CC-SURVeyor should become familiar with. The most important of these is the .CCC file (the filename extension is ".CCC"), which stands for "Civil Comp COGO". This file is the standard file for storage of point numbers, coordinates, elevations, descriptions, and (if the user chooses) lines and curves, and is used by all the Modules (CC-COGO, CC-BALance, CC-CONTour, and CC-PLOT). These files may be located in any drive or subdirectory, and will be accessible to CC- COGO according to its configuration, or if the "set file Path" command has been properly used. The .CCC file may be edited and saved by CC-COGO. Another file that is created by CC-COGO is the layer file, with a filename extension of ".LAY". This file stores the user-named layer names, the linetypes of layers, and the layer assignments of points within the .CCC file. This file is created or updated at the time a .CCC file is saved from CC-COGO, CC-BALance, or CC-PLOT. It will be saved to the same drive or subdirectory as the .CCC file. Another file that is created by CC-COGO is the import/ export file, which has a default filename extension of ".CCX". This file stores point numbers, coordinates, elevations and descriptions in a format that is common to many other cogo programs and data collectors, and is a means of communicating with them. It does NOT store lines or curves, and is NOT accessible from the other CC-SURVeyor 4 modules, so should only be used for temporary transfer to or from the other mentioned software. CC-COGO Page 17 B. CIVIL COMP COGO (.CCC) File CIVILcomp coordinate files have the file name extension ".CCC" (Civil Comp COGO). This is the default file type that stores all points, coordinates, elevations, descriptions, and lines and curves. "Open ccc file" in the FILE submenu loads it into memory. .CCC files are saved in ASCII format. The first line in a file created by CC-SURVeyor 4 is "4,0,0". Following lines have one point number and coordinate pair per line, with eight decimal places, in point number sequence. The line following coordinates is "0 0 0". If elevations and/or descriptions are present, they follow. To reduce file size, only points with an elevation or description are listed in the second group. A zero in either the second or third position indicates no elevation, or no description, respectively, for the point number in the first position of each line. Following the lines that store elevations and descriptions is the line "0 -1 0" followed by codes identifying lines that have been created. Lines are created sequentially according to the point numbers listed, with "-1" indicating a break in the line, and ending with "-999". The last section of the file consists of stored curves, one curve per line, with BC, RP, and EC point numbers listed. Sample File (portion): Comments: 4,0,0 (CC-SURVeyor 4 header) 1 1000.00000000 1000.00000000 (pt #, N coor, E coor) 2 1216.14183000 874.37074000 (ditto) 4 1276.44387000 978.11881000 (ditto) 0 0 0 (elev and desc next) 1 100.200 CorSub (elev=100.2, desc=corsub) 2 101.200 0 (no description) 4 0.000 EC (no elevation) 0 -1 0 (lines next) 1 (line from 1 2 to 2) -1 (end of line) 3 (line from 3 4 to 4) -1 (end of line) -999 (curves next) 26 27 28 (BC, RP, and EC) 21 20 19 (ditto) Editing a .CCC file is fairly simple. Examine one with the DOS "Type" command or with your text editor. Use your word processor in unformatted or ASCII mode if you need to edit the file. CC-COGO Page 18 C. Layer Assignment (.LAY) File A file with the same name as the .CCC file, but with an extension of ".LAY" is created when the .CCC file is created, that stores the layer names, linetypes, and point/layer assignments. CC-COGO allows the "View plot" command to selectively screen plot data, if the "Layer display" command has been used to turn layers on or off. The first two lines of the .LAY file contain the linetype numbers for the NET layer and the CONTOUR layer. The next seven lines consist of the user-named layer names and their linetype numbers. Linetypes and their numbers (used internally by CC-COGO, CC-BALance and CC-PLOT) are defined more completely in the "linetYpes" section of this manual, under "SETTINGS Submenu". The first user-named layer is considered to be layer "1", the second one is layer "2", and so forth. This numbering becomes meaningful when the rest of the file is examined. The lines following the names identify a point range and the layer number they are assigned to. For example, the line "1 , 99 , 5" means that points 1 through 99 are assigned to user-named layer 5. Sample File (portion): Comments: NET, 6 (Net layer is linetype 6) CONTOUR, 2 (Contours are linetype 2) CONTROL , 1 (first user-named layer is "CONTROL" and is linetype 1) TOPO , 1 (second user-named layer is "TOPO" and is linetype 1) BOUNDARY , 1 (third user-named layer etc.) EASEMENT , 1 (etc.) STREET , 1 (etc.) BUILDING , 1 (etc.) UTILITY , 1 (seventh user-named layer is "UTILITY" and is linetype 1) 1 , 99 , 1 (points 1 through 99 are on layer 1 "CONTROL") 100, 199, 2 (points 100 through 199 are on layer 2 "TOPO") Note that their are no "blank" lines in the file; those shown above are caused by the long "comments". It isn't a good idea to edit the .LAY file with your text editor, it is better to use the "reName layers", "linetYpes" and "Change layer" routines in CC-COGO and CC-BALance. CC-COGO Page 19 D. Import/Export (.CCX) File Coordinates, elevations, and descriptions may be imported into or exported from CC-COGO in a format that permits communication with other COGO programs and data collectors. The user may use any file name extension except ".CCC", (or none), and it is strongly suggested that ".CCX" is used, to avoid confusion. This format is comma-delimited, with five fields. The first four fields must be numeric. The description can be any string of keyboard characters, except for spaces or commas, or a beginning quote ("), or if there is no description it may be blank. This is known as "Wild Volume C", or "HP Volume C", or "MTI". Note that the original spec for this format allows spaces within the description, by placing quotes (") on each side of the description to force it to be read as one string. CC-COGO will not properly store descriptions with spaces, so be warned that if your input file has spaces in the description field, you should edit them out with your text editor before importing into CC-COGO. The exported file will not have quotes around the description. Supported COGO programs: COGOWARE DCA (use Super Surveyor option) MTI Lewis and Lewis HP Volume C Supported data collectors: Abacus CoOp-41 Geodimeter Super Surveyor Topcon FC-4 LIMITATIONS FOR IMPORT/EXPORT FILES ----------------------------------- 1. Largest point number: 4000 2. Largest coordinate: 9,999,999.9999 3. Highest elevation: 9,999.9999 4. Coordinates of "-999999" in an import file will result in no point being created with the respective point number within CC-COGO. This only affects imported data collector files, which many times dump unused point numbers with "-999999" as a coordinate, so the COGO program can screen them out. 5. Elevations of "-999999" in an import file will be transferred as "0.000" into CC-COGO, which will treat it as "no elevation". Points with no elevations in CC-COGO will export a file with "-999999" in the elevation field of those points. 6. Maximum length of description: 12 characters. 7. No embedded spaces or commas within a description. 8. Descriptions may not begin with a quote ("). CC-COGO Page 20 Sample File: (Point # 101 has northing, easting, elev, and desc; point # 105 has northing, easting, no elev, no desc; point # 107 has northing, easting, no elev, has desc) 101,1000.00000000,1000.00000000,105.333,POB 105,1216.14183000,874.37074000,-999999, 107,1246.29285000,926.24478000,-999999,SETUP Note that there are always four commas in each line, whether a description is present or not. Note also that points 102, 103, 104, and 106 are not required to have a line in the file if those points do not exist. SEND COPIES OF THIS SECTION TO THE VENDOR OF YOUR DESIRED DATA COLLECTOR TO VERIFY COMPATIBILITY. CC-COGO Page 21 VII. COMMAND REFERENCE A. FILE Submenu Open ccc file: This routine will load a previously created .CCC file from disk into memory. A .LAY file by the same name will also be loaded if present. All points created before running this routine will be lost and a warning message to that effect is given if any points exist in memory at the time. The program will be reset as if it had just been loaded. Existing .CCC files are presented in a dialog box. If you have more files than will fit in the vertical listing, you can scroll down the box with arrow keys, or by using your mouse on the scroll bar on the right side of the box. A load is truncated if a point number in the file is larger than 4000 (or the point capacity of your machine - see "Capacity" below). Truncated loads do not include elevations, descriptions, lines or curves. Save ccc file: This routine will save a .CCC file and a .LAY file at the same time. It should be used regularly during editing. If you decide to rename your file when you save it, a new .LAY file will be created also. Merge ccc file: This routine will load a previously created .CCC file from disk into memory. All points previously existing in memory at the time will remain, except for point numbers duplicated by the incoming file, which will overwrite the existing ones. No overwrite protection takes place except for a warning message, so use caution when executing this command. This is useful for bringing in a group of points from another file. Points in the incoming file will be assigned to layers, but the layer names of the existing file will be maintained. As with the "Open .." routine above, loading of the incoming file is truncated when a point number higher than the capacity of your machine is found in the file. set ccc Path: This routine may be used to configure CC-COGO to permanently use a particular drive or subdirectory, or to temporarily change the path to load or save a file to a diskette drive or different subdirectory than the previously configured one. The path chosen with this routine affects .CCC and .LAY files. To make the new path permanent, go to the SETTINGS submenu and use "View/save settings". CC-COGO Page 22 Import file: Coordinates, elevations, and descriptions may be imported from other COGO programs or data collectors that use the "HP Volume C" format, by using this routine. See the File Types section of this manual for details of the format. Once a file has been imported with this routine, the points may be manipulated just as if a .CCC file had been loaded, and the points may be saved in any other file type within the FILE submenu. The points will be merged with any existing points in memory. Before using this routine to merge new points into memory, a backup of the existing CCC file should be saved, as an unpredictable error in file format may cause CC-COGO to crash; for example, you may accidentally try to import an untranslated data collector file. CC-COGO does check for the following errors in file format: Points numbered greater then 4000 (or the capacity of your machine) are skipped. Long descriptions are truncated to 12 characters. Export file: This routine will create a file that may be read by other COGO programs or data collectors that use the "HP Volume C" format. See the File Types section of this manual for details of the format. If the "All points" option is chosen, the file will have point numbers, coordinates, elevations and descriptions for all points in memory at the time. If the "Layers on" option is used, only points on layers that are currently "on" will be sent. If the "Range of pts" option is chosen, you may export a range of points, such as 100-200. Note that you are allowed to revise the file name extension in this routine. You may not use the ".CCC" extension for this file. For transfer to and from data collectors, use the extension required by the particular data collector. Data collectors based on the HP71B require an alpha character for the first character in the file name. For transfer to another COGO program, use the file name extension required by the other COGO program. For transfer to CC-CAD, use ".CCX", the default. import/export Path: This routine may be used to configure CC-COGO to permanently use a particular drive or subdirectory, or to temporarily change the path to load or save a file to a diskette drive or different subdirectory than the previously configured one. The path chosen with this routine only affects imported or exported files. To make the new path permanent, go to the SETTINGS submenu and use "View/save". CC-COGO Page 23 DOS command: This routine temporarily "shells" to DOS, where the user may execute DOS commands like DIR, COPY or TYPE. CC-COGO HAS NOT QUIT!! Type "exit" to return to CC-COGO. None of the data entered into CC-COGO is lost. NOTE: It has been documented that a bug in versions of DOS prior to version 3.0 causes problems when this command is used, so use it at your own risk unless you have DOS 3.0 or later. Also, if you change directories while using "DOS command", be sure to change back to the correct directory before returning to CC-COGO. Reset program: Use this to initialize the program as if it had just been started without loading a file. Note: all data in memory will be lost, so be sure to save any desired files first! Capacity: Use this to determine your maximum file size based on the free RAM in your machine. CC-COGO will keep enough free RAM available so you may use the "DOS command" routine, and will allow the remainder to be used for point storage. If you are using a lot of RAM-resident software (TSR's), and/or have many drivers in your CONFIG.SYS file, you may be limited to less than 4000 points. CC-GOGO does not require any drivers in your CONFIG.SYS file, and will run if you boot off your system floppy. The only driver you may wish to use would be your mouse driver. To find out how much free RAM you have, use the DOS CHKDSK command. CC-COGO requires 44 bytes for each point that is stored, so if you are running a RAM-resident program that uses 8800 bytes (for example), you may lose 200 points capacity in CC-COGO. Quit: Use this to quit CC-COGO. You will see a "QUITTING, ARE YOU SURE?" message. Press "Y" to quit, or "N" or <Esc> to return to CC-COGO. CC-COGO Page 24 B. EDIT Submenu View plot: Use this routine to preview your current data. You may zoom up or down using the <PgUp> or <PgDn> keys and you may pan using the arrow keys. Zoom "all" by pressing <Home>. Press <Esc> or <Spacebar> to exit. Display of data is controlled by turning layers on/off. See the Section "SCREEN PLOTTING, LAYERS, AND ALMOST "WYSIWYG"" for a comprehensive discussion of this function. This routine accomplishes the same thing whether it is accessed from the pull-down menu, or with the <F10> key. NOTE: <F10> only works while "inside" another routine, when the message at the left end of the message bar notifies you. Draw lines: This routine draws lines or curves between existing points. The first prompt is for a point number at the beginning of a line, the next prompt is for the end of the line. After entering the end of the line, that point automatically becomes the beginning of the next line, so the user only has to continue to enter the next point to draw a line through a series of points. Entering a negative radius point number at the "To Point:" prompt will result in a prompt for the EC, so a curve may be drawn. The "+" key may be used for the next point number if the points are sequential. The end of the line or curve becomes the currently occupied point. To use the numeric keypad for point number entry, <NumLock> must be on. To zoom and pan using the keys described under "View plot", you must either use the separate keypad on an enhanced keyboard, or temporarily turn <NumLock> off. You may jump to the "Erase lines" routine directly, by pressing the "E" key from inside this routine. Press "D" to return to "Draw lines". Erase lines: This routine works identically to the "Draw lines" routine, but deletes lines and curves rather than drawing them. edit/enter Points: This routine will let you enter or edit the coordinates and/or elevation and/or description of a point. The point will become the currently occupied point. To make it more convenient to edit data without having to reenter unchanging data, the default (existing) data is shown within the prompt. To accept that data, press <Enter>. New points entered will be assigned to the current layer. CC-COGO Page 25 Delete points: This routine is used to delete a group of points that were either temporary in nature or represented an erroneous group of calculations. The prompts are self- explanatory. Does not affect disk files until the file is saved. reNumber points: If you wish to duplicate a group of points with different point numbers so that, for example, they may be placed on another layer without losing the original points, this is the routine to use. The option to "move" points rather than simply "copy" is given by a prompt to delete old points if you wish. Lines and curves move to the new point numbers. Does not affect disk files until the file is saved. Rotate/translate points: This routine will rotate a selected group of points through a selected angle, around a selected "axis". The axis and another reference point must be chosen. The angle may be an angle right or left, or a recalled bearing, or an entered bearing. Angle codes 1 through 7 are available. The user will be prompted for a point # to translate the axis point to, and he may enter a point number (same as axis is no translation), or a non- existing point number, which will prompt for coordinates. The non-existing point number will not be created, but the axis point will be moved to the entered coordinates, and all points within the selected group will be moved accordingly. Following is a prompt for a scale factor. A scale factor of "1" results in no adjustment, while a scale factor of "1.0001" will lengthen the distance between coordinates by a ratio of 1 in 10,000. Finally, the range of points to be rotated/trainslated is prompted for. After completing the rotation/translation the user will have an opportunity to enter another range of points to rotate, using the same criteria as the previous group. In this way, many groups of points within a file may be adjusted without affecting other points within the file. list Avail points: This routine lists points that are available for creation; that is, those that do not yet have coordinates. You are prompted for the first and last point to be listed. Use <Ctl-NumLock> or <Pause> to temporarily halt scrolling. Use the "Toggles" "Printer" routine in the SETTINGS submenu to cause points to list on your printer. list Used points: This routine lists existing points. You are prompted for the first and last point to be listed. Use <Ctl-NumLock> or <Pause> to temporarily halt scrolling. If you get tired of watching points scroll past and change your mind, the <Esc> key will stop it permanently. Use the "Toggles" "Printer" routine in the SETTINGS submenu to cause the listing to print on your printer. CC-COGO Page 26 C. COGO Submenu: This submenu is divided into four sections. The first is for traversing/inversing along a series of courses. The second section is for radial traversing/inversing, without moving the occupied point. The third is for creating curves, and the fourth performs various types of intersections. Traverse: When starting the traverse routine you are prompted for a starting point number, with the default being the current occupied point. A different point number entered results in the entered point becoming the occupied point. If the point hasn't yet been created, you will then have the opportunity to enter the coordinates of the starting point. It is not necessary to create a point before starting this routine; there is no separate "starting" routine. Following the starting point number selection are prompts for angle code, angle (or delta), and distance (or radius), followed by the new point number. If the Zenith toggle is on, a prompt for zenith angle will appear before the distance prompt. The "+" key is available for consecutive point numbering. TO TRAVERSE A NON-TANGENT CURVE, YOU MUST FIRST TRAVERSE A ZERO DISTANCE ON THE TANGENT BEARING. If the Description toggle is on, a prompt for point description will appear within the above sequence. After each course, the routine moves the occupied point to the last point created and begins again at the angle code prompt for the next course. You may break out of this loop at any point by pressing the <Esc> key. When returning to traverse, you are again presented with the "Starting point #: " prompt. The calc window shows a record of points and courses. Inverse: The inverse routine begins like the traverse routine, with a prompt for "FROM Point #: ", and a chance to press <Enter> for the currently occupied point. There is no chance, however to enter coordinates if the point does not exist, in which case you will see an error message. A "TO Point #: " prompt follows, followed by calculations showing in the window. Inversing a curve is accomplished by entering a negative radius point number at the "TO point #:" prompt. This results in an "EC Point #:" prompt, which when given, allows the program to inverse to the EC. Inversing a curve of 180 degrees or more causes problems with area and delta values, as the program doesn't know which way to inverse, so assumes the short arc. CC-COGO Page 27 After the inverse has been completed, the "TO Point #:" becomes the occupied point and moved to the "FROM Point #:" prompt, allowing you to rapidly inverse from point to point by entering point number after point number. If you wish to randomly inverse between non-contiguous pairs of points, simply press <Esc> after each inverse, and the "FROM Point #: " prompt will be available. Press <Esc> again at this prompt and you will return to "Select Function" mode. Area: Since there is no "starting" routine, one may wonder what the number means that is printed when this key is pressed. Well, the area calculations are occurring continuously during traverse and inverse routines, and are zeroed only when this routine is used, so it is up to you to use it BEFORE running a closure, and AFTER traversing or inversing to the point of beginning. Sideshots may be done in the middle (which do not accumulate area), but will clutter up your printout, and possibly your mind, and are not recommended. The <F4> key may be used while traversing or inversing to show the accumulated area and return its value to zero. Sideshot: Sideshot is used when many shots have been taken from one setup point. It is assumed that you traversed or inversed to the currently occupied point. When using sideshot, remember that the backsight azimuth used for angles and deflections is the last one used in a traverse, inverse, or intersection routine. Sideshot gives you no opportunity to enter a backsight bearing. Again, you may press <Enter> at the "FROM Point #: " prompt to choose the currently occupied point. Any other point may be chosen, but in that case use care when using any angle codes other than 1 through 4. Using sideshot with quadrants and bearings causes no problems from random points. Alternatively, jumping back and forth between sideshot and traverse presents no problems with any of the field angle codes as long as the currently occupied point is chosen. Note that the "-" (curve) angle code is not available from sideshot. Sideshot does not change the current bearing or azimuth. When leaving sideshot, the currently occupied point will be whatever was chosen at the "Sideshot FROM point #: " prompt. It has no effect on area calculations. The Description and Zenith toggles have the same effect as in Traverse, turning the description and zenith angle prompts on or off. Radial inverse: This routine is almost identical to Inverse. The two differences are that area is not accumulated and the occupied point does not change after the "inversed" course is printed. Some refer to it as "sideshot inverse". CC-COGO Page 28 3 pt circle: This routine will determine the radius and center of a circle whose arc passes through three points, which must have already been created. The routine prompts for the point numbers of the three points and the point number to be used for the center. The radius is printed as well as the coordinates of the new center point. inscribe Curve: This routine is used to inscribe a curve within two lines that the user has already established. The routine begins by prompting for the P.I., with the occupied point as the default. Prompts follow for a point on the backsight tangent, the foresight tangent, the desired point numbers for B.C., E.C., and radius point, and the curve radius. After completion, the bearing to the E.C. from the P.I. is the current bearing and the E.C. becomes the occupied point. Area is not accumulated. CC-COGO Page 29 Bearing-bearing intersection: This routine is used to traverse from the occupied point (or a new point if the user wishes) on a known bearing "through" an unknown point, to a known point using another known bearing. The unknown distances to and from the "through" point are calculated, as are the coordinates of the "through" point. Area is not accumulated through this routine. Sequence of prompted data entry is in the direction of travel. New quadrants and bearings or recalled bearings (angle codes 1 thru 5) are available. The "to" point becomes the occupied point, and the bearing toward the "to" point becomes the current bearing when the routine is finished. bearinG-distance intersection: This routine is used to traverse from the occupied point (or a new point if the user wishes) on a known bearing "through" an unknown point, to a known point using a known distance. The unknown distance to the "through" point is calculated, as are the coordinates of the "through" point. The unknown bearing from the "through" point to the "to" point is calculated. If the given distance is too short to intersect the given bearing, an error message appears, with the opportunity to re-enter the known data. There are two solutions to this type of problem, and CC-COGO will present both answers in the prompt area, for the user's choice. Area is NOT accumulated through this routine. Sequence of prompted data entry is in the direction of travel. The occupied point must be the point from which the bearing is known, and may be changed at the "FROM Point #" prompt. New quadrants and bearings or recalled bearings (angle codes 1 thru 5) are available. The "to" point becomes the occupied point, and the bearing toward the "to" point becomes the current bearing when the routine is finished. CC-COGO Page 30 Distance-distance intersection: This routine is used to traverse from the occupied point (or a new point if the user wishes) on a known distance "through" an unknown point, to a known point using another known distance. The unknown bearing to the "through" point is calculated, as are the coordinates of the "through" point. The unknown bearing from the "through" point to the "to" point is also calculated. If the given distances cannot intersect, an error message appears, with the opportunity to re-enter the known data. There are two solutions to this type of problem, and CC-COGO will present both answers in the prompt area, for the user's choice. Area is NOT accumulated through this routine. Sequence of prompted data entry is in the direction of travel. The "to" point becomes the occupied point, and the bearing toward the "to" point becomes the current bearing when the routine is finished. taNgent to curve: This routine will create a line that begins tangent to a selected curve, and goes to a selected point. A new point is created at the point of tangency. The radius point must already exist, as must the ending point. The prompts will start you at the radius point, taking you through the point of tangency (unknown point), to the "TO" point. There are two solutions, and to decide whether to go "right" or "left", picture yourself standing on the point of tangency with the radius point behind you. CC-COGO Page 31 90 offsets: This routine will calculate the station and offset distance to a point, from a base line defined by a given point with a defined station and a base line bearing. A negative station will result if the base station is too small and the point is in the opposite direction than the base line bearing. When entering the base angle, angle codes 0 through 5 are available. Offset intersection: This routine will perform an intersection between offsets from two lines, creating a new point at the intersection of the offsets. The two lines must already be defined by three points: the backsight, PI, and foresight. A different offset may be used from each line. The first offset is from the line defined by the backsight point and the PI, the second offset is from the line defined by the PI and the foresight point. Both offsets must be to the right, so set up the sequence of backsight, PI, and foresight points so that the new intersection point will be on the right side. If it is not possible to input both offsets to the right, a negative offset may used to force a left offset for one of the points. The routine comes in handy for calculating the intersection of the sidelines of two roads of different widths, or for defining the zoning setbacks inside a lot, or other similar problems. CC-COGO Page 32 D. ROAD/LOT Submenu: area/Rotate: This routine solves a triangle of predetermined area, when a base line and a known bearing from one end of the base line is input. The unknown course is "rotated" around the "pivot end" of the base line to achieve the desired area. The known bearing is from the "bearing end" of the base line to the "new point". Angle codes 1 through 5 may be used for the known bearing. After completion, the three sides of the triangle are inversed and the area is printed. The "pivot end" becomes the occupied point and the closing bearing to that point becomes the current bearing. If the Lines toggle is on, the new line will be drawn. area/Slide: This routine solves a trapezoid of predetermined area, when a base line and known bearings from each end of the base line is input. The unknown course "slides" from the base line, staying parallel to the base line to achieve the desired area. Angle codes 1 through 5 may be used for the known bearings. If a solution cannot be reached after 200 iterations, a "NO SOLUTION" error message will appear. After completion, the four sides of the trapezoid are inversed and the area is printed. The "first end point" becomes the occupied point and the closing bearing to that point becomes the current bearing. If the Lines toggle is on, the new line will be drawn. CC-COGO Page 33 Tee intersection: Calculates curves at the corners of the sideline of a street intersection. This routine is for a "tee", with a "thru" street and a "side" street. The same radius must be used for both corners. A different width may be used for each street. Only one new point number is prompted for, they are assigned sequentially to the new points, starting with the beginning point # entered. The point at the centerline intersection must exist, and a point on each tangent must also exist. First, the point at the intersection of the centerlines is prompted for. When the prompt for the "P.O.T. Thru" is given, enter a point in either direction. When the "P.O.T Side" prompt is given, enter only a point on the side street centerline. The radius to use for the corners is prompted for, then the width (half) of the "thru" street, then that of the "side" street. The points and curve data are then listed. It is suggested that the "90 degree offsets" routine in the COGO submenu be used to calculate distances along centerlines for stationing. If the Lines toggle is on, the new curves will be drawn. Note that a half delta point is created for the bulb, so it may be inversed (CC-COGO does not accept deltas of 180 or greater for inversing or curve drawing). If the Description toggle is on, the new points will be given descriptions of "PC" and "RP". Cross intersection: This routine does a four-way intersection, similar to the Tee Intersection. The prompts are the same, even for the "thru" and "side" street. Even though both streets are actually "thru", designating one as "side" helps to identify which street which width goes with. It doesn't matter which of the streets the user calls "thru" and which he calls "side", as long as the appropriate width is input when prompted. Likewise, P.O.T.s in either direction from the centerline intersection point may be input at the appropriate prompt. See the "Tee Intersection" discussion above. CC-COGO Page 34 cul De sac: Calculates centered or offset cul de sac curves. This is very similar in use to the intersection routines. The first point prompted for is the "center", which is the center of the "bulb" if it is a centered cul de sac. If it is offset, the "center" is actually the end of the tangent, and the routine will calculate the radius point of the bulb and assign it a point number. The other prompts for P.O.T., first new point, corner and bulb radius, and half street width, are self-explanatory. The last prompt is where the user chooses a centered, or left offset, or right offset cul de sac. If the Lines toggle is on, the new curves will be drawn. Note that a half delta point is created for the bulb, so it may be inversed (CC-COGO does not accept deltas of 180 or greater for inversing or curve drawing). If the Description toggle is on, the new points will be given descriptions of "PC" and "RP". Knuckle: Calculates curves at the corners of the sideline of a street at an angle, with a "bulb" on one side and a return on the other. The same radius must be used for all corners, and (optionally) a different radius for the bulb. The same (half) width must be used for each street direction. Only one new point number is prompted for, they are assigned sequentially to the new points, starting with the beginning point # entered. The point at the centerline intersection must exist, and a point on each tangent ("back" and "fore") must also exist. First, the point at the intersection of the centerlines is prompted for. When the prompt for the "P.O.T. Back" is given, enter a point on tangent in either direction. When the "P.O.T Fore" prompt is given, enter a point on tangent in the other direction. The # of the first new point is prompted for. The radius to use for the corners is prompted for, then the radius of the bulb, then the (half) width of the street. The points and curve data are then listed. It is suggested that the "90 degree offsets" routine in the COGO submenu be used to calculate distances along centerlines for stationing. If the Lines toggle is on, the new curves will be drawn. Note that a half delta point is created for the bulb, so it may be inversed (CC-COGO does not accept deltas of 180 or greater for inversing or curve drawing). If the Description toggle is on, the new points will be given descriptions of "PC" and "RP". CC-COGO Page 35 right of Way: The purpose of this routine is calculate the sidelines of a right-of-way, once the centerline has been established. The routine will calculate coordinates for, and assign point numbers to, lines parallel to a line defined by existing point numbers. Running this routine is similar to inversing, with prompts included for the point numbers being created along the offset lines. The routine moves ahead to the foresight point after calculating the offset points, using the previous centerline point for a backsight, and prompting for a new foresight point. If either a left offset or a right offset is not desired, enter "0" when prompted. If the Description toggle is on, the new points will be given descriptions of "R/W". The Lines toggle has no effect here. Lot summary: This routine is for printing a lot summary with a page heading that includes manually entered title information. It then resets the area to zero and inverses between points selected by the user. When the beginning point is entered as a "TO Point", the routine finishes and prints the area of the closed figure. If the Lines toggle is on, lines will automatically be drawn around the figure. CC-COGO Page 36 E. TOPO Submenu: Traverse/elevation: This routine is used to carry elevations along with a field traverse, such as when setting control for several radial topo setups or for photogrammetric mapping. It is similar to COGO Traverse, with the automatic inclusion of delta elev/horizontal distance prompts or zenith angle/slope distance prompts, depending on the status of the Zenith Toggle. The first option is used for Total Station traverse and the second is for EDM/theodolite traverse. In addition to the usual traverse routine prompts, there are prompts for HI (Height of Instrument) and Rod, in case variable rod readings are necessary due to terrain or vegetation. There is a prompt for starting elevation if the point has not previously had an elevation established. Angle codes 1-9 are available for traversing. After traversing a course, the occupied point moves ahead and the routine prompts for data for the next course. Press <Esc> to exit when finished. Occupied point becomes the last point traversed to, and the last bearing to that point becomes the current bearing. The Lines toggle has no effect here. Stadia: This routine is used to reduce field notes from a radial topo, done from one setup, using the stadia method. The first data that must be input are regarding the setup point: point number, coordinates (unless the point already exists), description of the setup point, ground elevation at the setup point (which will automatically be entered if it is in the file), height of instrument above the ground (which becomes the default rod reading, assuming the target is set at the HI), and backsight bearing. The only backsight bearing angle codes allowed are 1-4 (quadrant and bearing) and 5 (recall bearing). Prompts follow for the data to establish the points being shot: Angle code (codes 1-9 are available), horizontal angle, vertical angle, stadia interval (rod interval times stadia interval factor), rod reading (press return to accept the default shown), description of point, and point number being shot. Note that the vertical angle is the default input rather than zenith angle, unless the Zenith toggle is on, since the stadia method is usually used with a transit. Also note that the stadia constant is assumed to be zero. The Lines toggle has no effect here. CC-COGO Page 37 Radial topo: This routine is used to reduce field notes from a radial topo with an electronic distance meter (EDM) or total station. If an EDM is used, the Zenith toggle should be turned on. Otherwise, the default mode is for total station data, which requires delta elevation and horizontal distance as input data. In EDM mode, it is assumed that a top-mount EDM is used, and that the prism is set above the target at the same offset distance as the EDM is above the telescope. The first data that must be input are regarding the setup point: point number, coordinates (unless the point already exists), ground elevation at the setup point (which will automatically be entered if it is in the file), height of instrument above the ground (which becomes the default rod reading, assuming the target is set at the HI), and backsight bearing. The only backsight bearing angle codes allowed are: 1-4 (quadrant and bearing), and 5 (recall bearing). Prompts follow for the data to establish the points being shot: Angle code (codes 1-9 are available), angle, delta elevation (press <Enter> if no elevation is desired for the point) or zenith angle, horizontal or slope distance, rod reading (press <Enter> to accept the default shown), description of point, and point number being shot. The program loops back for another point after printing input data and reduced output data. Press <Esc> to exit when finished. Occupied point becomes the setup point and current bearing becomes the bearing from the backsight to the setup point, if these values were changed when "Radial Topo" was started. The Lines toggle has no effect here. Elevation boot: This routine will automatically raise or lower the elevation of a selected group of points. This is handy when a topo is done with an assumed bench mark (or using the wrong elevation), and the elevations of all or part of the topo must be adjusted. Simply select the range of points at the prompts, and enter the amount (plus or minus) of the adjustment. After adjusting the elevations and printing them, the routine loops back for another range of points. Press <Escape> to exit. CC-COGO Page 38 F. UTILITY Submenu: Triangles: This routine allows the user to enter three of six triangle criteria and obtain solutions for the other three. Any combination of angles and sides may be entered except angle-angle-angle, which has no solution. Remember the triangle from your trig class, where A, B, and C are the angles and a, b, and c are the lengths of the sides opposite the respective angles. Draw yourself a sketch of the triangle you want to solve, and entering the data at the prompts for "Angle A: ", "Side a: ", etc. will be easier. If an item is unknown, press <Enter>. When three criteria have been entered, the prompts stop and the results are calculated, if possible. Curve solution: This routine allows the user to enter two of six curve criteria: 1) delta, 2) radius, 3) arc length, 4) tangent, 5) chord, and 6) external distance. The remaining four criteria will be calculated and printed. When prompted for the data, press <Enter> if the data is unknown. If less than two criteria are entered, an error message will result. Either delta or radius must be one of the two criteria entered. CC-COGO Page 39 Grades: The user enters a beginning and ending station and beginning elevation, and a profile grade (in ft/ft, NOT percent). The user may then use a routine that automatically figures grades at a selected stationing interval (Autostationing), or may specify stations individually. The "Autostation" option will use "even" stations, though the user may enter an odd beginning and ending station. This feature depends on the user entering a stationing interval that divides evenly into 100. tangent Intersection: When a beginning station and elevation is known, and a second station and elevation is known, and a grade break is desired between the two with known profile grades FROM the beginning station to the grade break and from the grade break TO the second station, this is the routine to use. The station (PI Station) and elevation of the grade break are calculated and shown. Vertical curve: This routine prompts for known data and calculates and prints unknown data. The first prompt is for the PVI (point of vertical intersection). If the BVC (begin vertical curve) is known, press <Enter> at the first prompt, and BVC information will be prompted for instead. After prompting for the required data, the basic curve information is printed, with the peak/sag station and elevation, if applicable. A routine follows which lets the user compute elevations automatically at a selected stationing interval (Autostationing), or compute elevations at individually specified stations. Station line: The Station Line routine is a routine that will: 1) Create points at individually specified stations and offsets, or 2) Automatically create points at centerline and optional (different) left and/or right offsets, at a user-selected stationing interval. The first part of the routine lets the user select a point and bearing, and assign a station to the point. Following is an "Autostationing or Specified station & offset" prompt which allows the user to either automatically station the centerline and a right and/or left offset line OR selectively create points at odd stations and offsets. The "Specified station..." option will not create a point on the base line; it will only create a point on the offset. Defaults within the prompt, and a loop back for another point allow easy entry of multiple offsets from the same station. When this option is quit, the "Autostationing or Specified..." prompt returns. The "Autostationing..." option will prompt for a beginning station, an ending station, a left offset, a right offset, a stationing interval, and the first new point number to be assigned. Point numbers are sequentially assigned as follows: centerline, left offset, right offset, centerline, left..., etc. Note that this option always creates a new point on centerline. If a zero offset is CC-COGO Page 40 entered for the right or left offset, that particular offset line is not created. For example, if a left offset is specified, and a zero right offset is specified, points will be created and sequentially numbered as: centerline, left offset, centerline, left offset, etc. After the option has finished, the "Autostationing or Specified..." prompt returns. Note that this option will use the literal beginning station and increment by the stationing interval; it does NOT adjust points to "even" stations like the Grades routine or Vertical Curve routine. Those routines are "design" routines that develop data for placement on plan/profile sheets; this routine is for staking, where the surveyor may want to use an odd stationing interval and not have the routine make presumptuous adjustments to get the points on "even" stations. The user may use the Autostationing option, then use the Specified option to catch the odd stations and offsets, or vice-versa, without having to reenter the base point, bearing and station, if he does so without quitting the routine completely. If the Description toggle is on, descriptions for each point will be automatically created that include the station, direction, and amount of offset. For example, the description for an offset point 25 feet left at station 10+00 would be "1000L25". Note that it is possible for a combination of station and offset to exceed the allowable twelve spaces for a description; in that case the description will be truncated. For example an offset point 125.75 feet left at station 150+00.50 will have a description of "15000.5L125."; the "75" was truncated. This is an unusual case, however. The Specified option is also useful for reducing topo field notes that are taken using the station and offset method. The elevations will have to be entered manually, using the "Edit/Enter Points" routine in the EDIT submenu. Another "non-staking" use of this routine would be for establishing the right-of-way sidelines of a newly designed or widened road or highway, where cuts and fills require a right-of-way of varying width. Many times the sidelines are scaled off the improvement plans using stations and offsets. Station curve: The Station Curve routine is a routine that will: 1) Create points at individually specified stations and offsets, or 2) Automatically create points at centerline and optional (different) left and/or right offsets, at a user-selected stationing interval. The first part of the routine lets the user select a curve (BC, RP, and EC), and assign a station to the BC. Following is an "Autostationing or Specified station & offset" prompt which allows the user to either automatically station the centerline and a right and/or left offset line OR selectively create points at odd stations and offsets. CC-COGO Page 41 The "Specified station..." option will not create a point on the curve centerline; it will only create a point on the offset. Defaults within the prompt, and a loop back for another point allow easy entry of multiple offsets from the same station. When this option is quit, the "Autostationing or Specified..." prompt returns. The "Autostationing..." option will prompt for a beginning station, an ending station, a left offset, a right offset, a stationing interval, and the first new point number to be assigned. Point numbers are sequentially assigned as follows: centerline, left offset, right offset, centerline, left..., etc. Note that this option always creates a new point on centerline. If a zero offset is entered for the right or left offset, that particular offset line is not created. For example, if a left offset is specified, and a zero right offset is specified, points will be created and sequentially numbered as: centerline, left offset, centerline, left offset, etc. After the option has finished, the "Autostationing or Specified..." prompt returns. Like the Station Lines routine, this option will use the literal beginning station and increment by the stationing interval; it does NOT adjust points to "even" stations. Unlike the Station Lines routine, you may not enter beginning or ending stations that are not within the specified curve. The stations must be between the BC and the EC, or an error message will be printed. The user may use the Autostationing option, then use the Specified option to catch the odd stations and offsets, or vice-versa, without having to reenter the base point, bearing and station, if he does so without quitting the routine completely. Since the BC and EC are usually odd stations, and are already existing points, it would be good practice to first use the Specified option to establish the left and right offsets from the BC, then use the Autostationing option to station the interior of the curve, then use the Specified option to establish the EC offsets. If the Description toggle is on, descriptions for each point will be automatically created that include the station, direction and amount of offset as with the "Station Lines" routine. CC-COGO Page 42 Curve stakeout: Provides field stakeout information for a curve without creating new points. The curve must have been previously created, at least the BC, EC, and RP. The routine prompts for point numbers for these components and computes and prints the curve data, similar to curve data printout when traversing a curve. Then follow prompts for station of PC (which is the proposed setup point and may be BC or EC, depending on which way you are going) and station interval (such as 50 or 100 feet), and offset, for staking curves on an offset from the centerline. Stations and staking information will be printed out for sequential "even" stations. For example, if the PC is at station 10+20 (enter "1020") and the interval chosen is 50 feet, data will be printed for stations 10+50, 11+00, 11+50, etc., and the other end of the curve, rather than 10+70, 11+20, etc. If you want to stake from the "high" stationed end of the curve, enter the point number of that end as the PC and the station of that end, and enter a negative staking interval. The offset entered will allow the staking data to be developed using the centerline stationing, but the instrument will be able to occupy the PC on the offset curve, and lay out the offset curve from that point. For example, if you want to stake curb and gutter with your stakes offset 20 feet toward the center of the curve, occupying the PC on the offset, you would enter "-20" as the offset. The centerline radius will be used for calculating stations, since that is what most improvement plans use. If the offset radius were to be used, the staked points would gradually "creep" away from their corresponding centerline station. There are two options for stakeout data: deflection angles and tangent offsets. This is the last prompt before CC-COGO does its business. Both routines assume that the entire curve will be laid out from the PC (on the offset if the offset is not zero). The deflection angles given, or tangent distances given, assume the instrument is pointed toward the PI of the curve. CC-COGO Page 43 Radial stakeout: This routine is for computing ties for staking or setting property corners. The user enters the setup point # and backsight point #, then a range of point #'s to be staked. The angle right, distance, and bearing to each point is then printed. The routine loops back for another range of points. There is also a "search" distance prompt, which will allow the user to select a maximum distance for stakeout points from the setup point. The default is 500 feet, which changes if the user enters a different distance. All points within the point range selected are analyzed to see if they are within the selected distance from the setup point, and only those within that distance are printed. When the routine is quit, the setup point becomes the occupied point and the bearing to the backsight becomes the current bearing. Line feed: This will cause the calc window on the screen to scroll up one line, to separate groups of calcs if you wish. If the Printer Toggle is on, the printed output will insert a blank line (line feed) at the same time. print Note: This will allow you to enter a note that will print on the screen, and if the Printer Toggle is on, to also print on the printed output. page Up: This will scroll the screen up one page (effectively clearing the calc window), and if the Printer Toggle is on, will form feed one page and print a new page heading. CC-COGO Page 44 G. MODULES Submenu: Transfer between the CC-SURVeyor 4 family of programs is somewhat automated by these menu choices. To transfer program control to another CIVILcomp program that is listed, pick it off the menu. Otherwise you must Quit CC-COGO, then start the other program, then re-open the file. When you transfer program control using this submenu, you will be given a chance to save your .CCC file if you haven't done so, and when the new program loads, it will automatically open the same-named file for you. You may return to CC-COGO by using the MODULES submenu in the other program. To speed up the transfer, if you have already saved your files, press <Esc> at the "Save ... File" prompts, and the transfer will skip that process. The programs available to transfer to will be those that are present on your hard disk, that are listed in the submenu. In other words, if you have not purchased CC-CONTour, you will not be able to pick it on the submenu. NOTE: Program transfer using this submenu will only work properly if you have started CC-COGO from the DOS command line, or transfered to it from another module, or started it from a .BAT file in which COGO is the last line. If CC-COGO is started from a menu program or shell program, when you try to transfer to another module using this submenu, you will most likely end up in some part of your menu program or shell program, as those types of programs always try to return control to themselves when an application is terminated. CC-COGO Page 45 H. SETTINGS Submenu: ccc Path: This routine may be used to configure CC-COGO to permanently use a particular drive or subdirectory, or to temporarily change the path to load or save a file to a diskette drive or different subdirectory than the previously configured one. The path chosen with this routine affects only .CCC files. If no path is set, the default is to use the same subdirectory that CC-COGO is installed in for file storage. To make the new path permanent, use "View/save" in this submenu. Import/export Path: This routine may be used to configure CC-COGO to permanently use a particular drive or subdirectory, or to temporarily change the path to load or save a file to a diskette drive or different subdirectory than the previously configured one. The path chosen with this routine affects only imported or exported files. If no path is set, the default is to use the same subdirectory that CC-COGO is installed in for file storage. To make the new path permanent, use "View/save" in this submenu. Layer display: This routine controls which layers will screen plot. The upper part of the dialog box shows the "point attribute" layers and the lower part shows the "user-named" layers. A more detailed explanation of the layer capabilities of CC-COGO is given in the "SCREEN PLOTTING, LAYERS, AND ALMOST WYSIWYG" section of this manual. All layers (except elevation and description) plot by default. Note that a "check mark" at the left of a layer name indicates that the layer is "on". If <Enter> is pressed on a highlighted name or the mouse is clicked on a name, the "check mark" will come and go, indicating that the layer is being toggled on and off. The elevation and description layers cannot be turned on at this time. You may press <F10> at any time to see how the current layer arrangement will look. Pick <OK> or press <Esc> when you are satisfied with the layers. Change layer: This routine is used to assign or reassign ranges of points to a user-named layer. You will first be prompted for a layer name (a dialog box shows existing layers), then the first and last point to be assigned to that layer. The routine loops back to select another layer. CC-COGO Page 46 Set current layer: The "current" layer only affects what user-named layer newly assigned points will be placed on. For example, if points are going to be entered using the "edit/enter Points" routine, and they are to go on the BOUNDARY layer, you should first make the BOUNDARY layer current before entering them. The current layer name is shown in the lower right hand corner of the screen, in the color of the layer. The default current layer is CONTROL. reName layers: The user-named layers may be renamed with this routine. The default layer names are: CONTROL, TOPO, BOUNDARY, EASEMENT, STREET, BUILDING, and UTILITY. A dialog box is used to present the current layer names. By pressing the <Enter> key, or clicking the mouse, the current highlighted layer name is changed to "edit" mode. While in this mode, you can edit or rename the layer. Press <Enter> when done editing, and you can choose another name to edit, or press <Esc> to exit the routine. The new names only affect the current file. To create new default layer names, use this routine in CC-PLOT and save the settings from there. linetYpes: This routine allows you to assign various linetypes to the user-named layers, for screen plotting (and pen plotting, if you have CC-PLOT). A dialog box showing the layer names and current linetypes is presented. To change one of the layers to a different linetype, pick it, and the available linetypes will be presented. They are schematically shown below, with the number used in the .LAY file and the equivalent AutoCAD linetype name (used in DXF files): ___________ 1 Continuous _____ _____ 2 Dashed _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Hidden ____ _ ____ 4 Center ___ _ _ ___ 5 Phantom ........... 6 Dot The default linetype is "Continuous". Each file may have its own linetypes as well as layer names. To create a default linetype/layer arrangement, use this routine in CC-PLOT and save the settings from there. Angle precision: You may choose different precisions for screen and printer output of angles with this routine. The choices are presented in a dialog box. This precision does not affect the calculations or file precision, only the printed output. You may use "View/save" in this submenu to make this setting the default for future use of CC-COGO. CC-COGO Page 47 Distance precision: You may choose different precisions for screen and printer output of distances and coordinates with this routine. The choices are presented in a dialog box. This precision does not affect the calculations or file precision, only the printed output. You may use "View/save" in this submenu to make this setting the default for future use of CC-COGO. Toggles: There are several "toggles" (meaning they may be toggled on/off) that may be set with this routine. The toggles are presented in a dialog box, and the ones that are "on" have a check mark at the side. Pressing <Enter> while one is highlighted, or picking one with the mouse, will cause it to toggle on/off. The particular toggles, when on, will: Azimuth: cause all screen and printed output to use north azimuth rather than quadrant/bearing for angular output. Description: cause a prompt for a point description each time a new point is created (or automatically assign default descriptions in some routines). Lines: cause a line or curve to be drawn as points are created, while using many of the COGO and ROAD/LOT routines. Printer: cause all data displaying in the calc window on your screen to also print on your printer. Zenith: cause the "Traverse" and "Sideshot" routines to prompt for zenith angle and slope distance rather than horizontal distance. Cause "Radial topo" to accept EDM data (zenith angle and slope distance) rather than total station (delta elevation and horizontal distance). Cause "Stadia" to accept zenith angles rather than vertical angles. NOTE: The above toggles may also be turned on/off with <Alt-A>, <Alt-D), <Alt-L>, <Alt-P>, or <Alt-Z> while in data entry mode. Any toggle that is "on" will have its first letter show in the "Toggles:" section of the message bar on the bottom of the screen. The default settings of the Azimuth, Description, Printer, and Zenith toggles may be set to "on" by using "View/save" in this submenu after setting them with this routine. View/save: This routine will show the current configuration, and give you the chance to save the settings if you desire. CC-COGO Page 48 VIII.ERROR MESSAGES There are several error messages that the BASIC compiler generates that CC-COGO does not "trap" for. When CC-COGO "traps" errors, it does not let the error cause the program to "crash", and gives the user a chance to correct the error before continuing. "Trapped" errors are those that beep and print a message below the CC-COGO prompt. When the following errors are not "trapped", they may cause the program to "crash" to DOS, which causes a loss of all data created since the last Save command. The "non-trapped" errors generally have to do with hardware problems or file format problems. Following is a list of messages that have been reported, and possible causes and fixes. Device fault: Probably a disk read or write error. If you get this message regularly, and if you also get a DOS disk error message, you should have your disk drive checked. This may also be caused by the printer problems described under "Device timeout", below. Device timeout: Most of the time this is caused by the printer either being off, or being off-line or out of paper. A loose printer cable may also cause this problem. Also it is difficult to hand feed single sheets without causing this error. Please use continuous form paper. CC-COGO will trap this error in most cases, but if you take the printer off line to formfeed, and don't put it back on line, you may get this error the next time CC-COGO tries to print. This error will cause CC-COGO to crash and all work done since the last Save will be lost. Input past end: Caused by trying to load an improperly formatted file. You may have renamed another COGO program's coordinate file to *.CCC to try to get CC-COGO to read it, or you may have used your text editor to edit a .CCC file, .FLD file, .MAP file, .INI file, or .LAY file and accidentally created an error in the file format. String space corrupt . . . .: Caused by same file format problems as "Input past end", above, but it may occur some time later rather than within the "Open ccc file" routine. CC-COGO Page 49 IX. UPGRADE HISTORY Release 4 of CC-SURVeyor includes four modules, of which CC-COGO 1.0 is the central module. Version 1.0 of CC-COGO is based largely on CC-SURVeyor 3.2, with the addition of 2000 more points storage capacity, mouse driven menus, layer management, linetypes, user-selected output precision, user-selected file subdirectories, azimuth output option, VGA 640x480 graphics support, and minor enhancements to most routines. CC-COGO Page 50 X. REGISTRATION To help us provide proper support, please fill out this registration form and send it to CIVILcomp. *********************** C C - C O G O 1 ************************* Name_________________________________________________________________ Street address_______________________________________________________ City______________________________State________________Zip___________ Occupation___________________________________________________________ Make and model of IBM PC compatible__________________________________ Version of MS-DOS__________ 8087/80287/80387________ RAM______K bytes Video display: CGA_______EGA_______VGA_______Herc_______Other________ Diskette drives____3.5"____5.25" Size of HD (if present)_________MB Current COGO program used______________________Version #_____________ CAD software used_____________________________ Version #_____________ Do you use a mouse?_____If yes, make and model_______________________ digitizer?_____If yes, make and size____________________________ plotter?_____If yes, make and size______________________________ graphics printer?_____If yes, make and model____________________ ********************************************************************* Please send to: CIVILcomp 320 Eureka Canyon Road Watsonville, CA 95076 CC-COGO Page 51 ************************ D I S C L A I M E R ************************ ALTHOUGH THIS PROGRAM HAS BEEN TESTED BY ITS DEVELOPER, NO WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, IS MADE BY THE DEVELOPER AS TO THE ACCURACY AND FUNCTIONING OF THE PROGRAM AND RELATED PROGRAM MATERIAL, NOR SHALL THE FACT OF DISTRIBUTION CONSTITUTE ANY SUCH WARRANTY, AND NO RESPONSIBILITY IS ASSUMED BY THE DEVELOPER IN CONNECTION THEREWITH. ********************************************************************* CREDITS: This program was written and compiled with Microsoft BASIC version 7.00. AutoCAD and AutoLISP are trademarks of AutoDesk, Inc. CC-SURVeyor, CC-COGO, CC-BALance, CC-CONTour, and CC-PLOT are trademarks of CIVILcomp. IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp. LogiTech is a trademark of LogiTech, Inc. Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. The pull-down menus, dialog boxes and input editor are adapted from routines written by Crescent Software. CC-COGO Page 52